Obesity in children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Stoutness in kids - Essay Example (Place of Commons Health Committee, 2004) For this investigation, the specialist will decide the primary driver of stoutness just as its negative consequences for a child’s wellbeing, psychosocial and psychological formative. Preceding the end, the analyst will give some suggested systems that could viably balance corpulence. Heftiness isn't just a genuine wellbeing condition, for example, dietary problems yet in addition a way of life issue that is obvious inside an individual, family, and the general public. (Place of Commons, 2004) actually, a few examinations show that corpulence is brought about by strange food admission or terrible eating routine (Styne, 2005), hereditary factor, for example, a metabolic imperfection (Roth et al., 2004; Rosmond, 2002) or the leptin insufficiency and the utilization of steroids (Link et al., 2004). Way of life and stationary conduct like ‘playing PC game or sitting in front of the TV while eating’ is additionally connected with corpulence. (Tremblay and Willms, 2003; Swinburn and Egger, 2002) The significant reason for heftiness isn't sure on the grounds that every individual has diverse limit of consuming calories. (Jebb and Prentice, 1995) Pigging out or the propensity for being not able to command over eating could prompt corpulence. Because of the failure to control the measure of food they eat, people who have pigging out issues have an incessant scenes of eating essentially enormous measure of food all simultaneously. (de Zwaan and Mitchell, 1992) For this explanation, corpulent people will in general ceaselessly eat in any event, when they are awkwardly full. The wellbeing results of individuals with gorging issues are identified with the sicknesses that can be seen among the stout people. This incorporates medical issues, for example, (1) hypertension; (2) Type 2 diabetes or non-insulin subordinate diabetes mellitus (NIDDM); (3) hypertension; (4) atherosclerosis; (5) elevated cholesterol levels; (6) gallbladder ailment; (7) atherosclerosis; (8) cerebral discharge; (9)

System Development Approach-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the System Development Approach. Answer: Presentation Allsports is a multi-sport association that has countless individuals that are occupied with various sorts of donning exercises. The organization distributes its bulletin on a week after week premise. There are sure issues that are related with the present framework as far as data the board, stockpiling, and preparing. A robotized framework, All Sports Club Information System (ASCIS) has been prescribed to beat the issues with the present framework. The point of the report is to cover the subtleties of the new data framework, for example, the framework advancement approach, venture money saving advantage examination and timetable alongside framework necessities and examination procedures Way to deal with Systems Development All Sports Club Information System (ASCIS) can be created by utilizing various methodologies and strategies. There are fundamentally two classes of approaches that are applied as prescient methodology or versatile methodology. In the event of ASCIS, the methodology that has a higher level of relevance is the versatile methodology for framework improvement. It is a direct result of the idea of the necessities that will be actualized in the framework. The individuals that are locked in with ASCIS may increment or lessening in number which makes certain to affect the recurrence of the bulletins that are shared. It will be required for the framework to be dynamic in nature to deal with the varieties in the data the board and the information activities. Versatile way to deal with framework advancement, for example, coordinated strategy will be adept on account of ASCIS as the procedure will have the option to deal with the dynamic idea of the necessities (Subramaniam, 2007). It will permit the framework to be adaptable and versatile in nature which will guarantee that the adjustments as far as the extension or related undertaking factors are met effortlessly. The venture customer will likewise be refreshed routinely with respect to the undertaking status and task progress and will likewise be requested the input. In such a way, the final result that will be conveyed and sent as ASCIS will be according to the determinations gave by the customer. The data stockpiling that will be remembered for the framework will likewise be according to the changing idea of capacity necessities in the framework (Williams, 2007). 3. Frameworks Requirements Useful Requirements The framework will give the clients the capacity to login. The framework will be able to store part subtleties as segment data and the subtleties of the games that they play. The framework must store bulletins with their date of accommodation, title of the article, and record name and promoter subtleties as the compulsory properties (Turner, Maylor and Swart, 2013). Promoter socioeconomics and contact subtleties must be put away in the framework. The framework must make, store and give the capacity to separate the reports including part subtleties, publicist data, subtleties of the pamphlets alongside the article subtleties. The framework must make cautions before the due date of the distributing of a pamphlet to guarantee that there are no deferrals (Bredillet, 2005). The data related with the individuals who have distributed or altered the bulletins will be obvious based on channels, for example, part id or email address. Non-Functional Requirements The framework will be adaptable in nature to guarantee that it might be altered according to the changing idea of prerequisites. The framework will consistently be accessible to the clients to permit them to view, share or alter the data. The framework will be secure in nature with the goal that the data that is put away is constantly ensured (Anshin, 2013). Unwavering quality will be remembered for the framework to ensure that there is legitimate data that is introduced as a reaction to the client activity or the inquiry made by the client. The framework will be anything but difficult to keep up and the help exercises that are completed should likewise be advantageous to execute. Venture Cost Benefit Analysis Money saving advantage Analysis is one of the most huge appraisals that are completed in the undertakings. It is important to have a record of the likely expenses and costs that might be spent during the undertaking timetable alongside the relating benefits that will be picked up. If there should be an occurrence of All Sports Club Information System (ASCIS), the general spending that has been evaluated is $60,000. The markdown factor that is material in this venture is 6%. It has additionally been evaluated that the staffing costs will decrease by $2,000 on a month to month premise. It will be a direct result of the explanation that there will an upgraded utilization of computerization that will be completed supplanting the issues that are available with the present framework. This consequently will improve the pay by $1,000. The general productivity that will come out thus will be $3,000 (Canils and Romijn, 2008). The spending that has been evaluated incorporates the expense of upkeep which will be $1,200 every month making it $14,400 on a yearly premise. There will likewise be a one-time cost of devices that will be gone through alongside the expense of assets, improvement and planning cost, arrangement and testing costs alongside the conclusion costs. Work Breakdown Structure Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is the instrument that is utilized to speak to the task plan and the undertaking exercises as bundles and sub-bundles. The instrument is utilized to evaluate the task plan and furthermore tracks the fulfillment of the exercises that are included. The cost estimation should likewise be possible utilizing WBS. Gantt diagram is another device which is utilized to speak to the task exercises as a course of events. The course of events speaks to the venture exercises and the assets that are alloted to every movement. WBS and Gantt diagram have a nearby relationship with one another as both of these apparatuses are utilized to follow the undertaking progress and furthermore help in the procedures of estimations in regards to the venture (Parnell, 2008). The venture plan that has been evaluated for the task is sensible as the allotment of the hours that will be spent on the finishing of the exercises is according to the exertion that is required to be placed in. Additionally, the exercises have been evaluated in such a way, that the spending that has been assigned for the undertaking doesn't surpass. The timetable has been made so that there is an appropriate designation of the assets managed with no instances of over-lapping or over-stacking Framework Information Requirement Investigation Techniques Undertaking Stakeholders Undertaking Client: The customer will be keen on the venture as the framework will conquer the issues with the present framework and will improve the nature of the tasks bringing about better execution and results. End-Users: The framework will permit the simpler administration of the data and the activities prompting higher fulfillment and commitment (Stead, 2008). Task Manager: The venture director will be dependable and responsible for venture arranging, conclusion and investigation exercises. The undertaking achievement or disappointment will directly affect the task chief. Undertaking Team Members: The venture assets will be capable and responsible for the entirety of the operational errands and exercises. The venture achievement or disappointment will directly affect the undertaking assets. Data Investigation Techniques Meetings: The method will permit the framework partners to pick up data with respect to the venture as far as the utilitarian and non-practical necessities and determinations. It will be done through the planning of the inquiries questions and conduction of the procedure by getting the reactions and recording of the equivalent. Conceptualizing: This method will permit the age and investigation of the new thoughts and ideas. It will be done through a procedure of gathering conversations with the applicable partners to recover significant data. Perception: There will be a ton of information that will be available with the associations as recorded information and references alongside the current tasks. The procedure will incorporate the handy perception of the procedures completed to comprehend the issues in the present framework and actualize the necessary changes in the new syst Ends The task of All Sports Club Information Systems (ASCIS) is a stage towards the utilization and use of the most recent innovation in the business exercises to conquer the issues and issues that are engaged with the present framework. The venture is required to be finished in the assessed timetable and spending limitations to ensure that the auspicious conveyance of the framework is made effectively. The venture presents the centrality of the undertaking stages as arranging and investigation. These stages structure the solid base that is required to be made so as to make venture progress. The data with respect to the undertaking necessities will be examined according to the adept method. References Anshin, V. (2013). Key and Organizational Aspects of Project Systems Management Considering Sustainable Development Concept. Russian Journal of Project Management, 2(3), pp.3-12. Bredillet, P. (2005). Worldwide Journal of Project Management. Worldwide Journal of Project Management, 23(1), p.86. Canils, M. also, Romijn, H. (2008). Key specialty the executives: towards an approach device for feasible turn of events. Innovation Analysis Strategic Management, 20(2), pp.245-266. Parnell, J. (2008). Supportable vital administration: develop, parameters, look into bearings. Global Journal of Sustainable Strategic Management, 1(1), p.35. Stead, J. (2008). Supportable vital administration: a transformative point of view. Worldwide Journal of Sustainable Strategic Management, 1(1), p.62. Subramaniam, V. (2007). Spry Methodologies. [online] Available at: https://www.agiledeveloper.com/introductions/Agile

Top 10 Tips for Communicating With Us No. 3 Be concise in your emails dont spam everybody COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Top 10 Tips for Communicating With Us No. 3 Be concise in your emails dont spam everybody COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Updated: March 2016 This is the third entry in our “Top 10? list for you to consider when communicating with our office and applying. Number 3 â€" Be concise in your emails dont spam everybody This is not the easiest of the tips in our Top 10 list because it is not easily defined.  When we encourage applicants to use one email address (see Tip Number 1: Use the Same Email Address and a Descriptive Subject Line), that is pretty defined.  When we tell you to avoid copying several parties on the same email and avoiding long emails, things are a bit less defined.  First, the topic of copying several parties on the same email. I understand the temptation to copy four or five different parties on the same email, but most often this only leads to delays in getting a response. I know my inclination when I see four or five people copied on an email sent to me is that I am going to let someone else answer the email.  The problem?  Everyone else may think the same thing and you do not get a response. Or, I may want to check with others before sending my response and the result of one email is four or five more emails just to find out who is going to answer.  Therefore I highly recommend sending your email to one recipient address.  If the person at the address is unable to assist you, rest assured it will be passed on to someone who can assist you. The second piece of advice, avoid long emails, is a tough one to explain because I know “long” is relative.  I guess the best way I can put it is that some tasks are better done in pieces or in chunks.  Sometimes we get emails that are extremely long and detailed and it takes a lot of time to dig through them.  If you have multiple questions that each require a lot of explanation, it might not be a bad idea to try to break them up into separate emails over a short time period.  This will allow us to respond in a more efficient manner. This series of “Top 10 tips” is an example of what I am talking about.  At first I was going to post a single entry with all 10 tips in it.  Then I thought about my own behavior â€" I tend to merely glance at really long emails in my personal Gmail account. If I would have put all 10 tips in one entry it probably would have taken you 15-20 minutes to read it and visit any associated links.  I came to the conclusion that it would be more effective and easier to digest if it was broken into 2-3 minute chunks. This is probably the most ambiguous tip, so use your own judgment.  There is no one “answer” and it is very much open to your interpretation.    Sometimes people will apologize when they send more than email no apology necessary!  This approach might just be more effective.  On the other hand, a separate email for each and every minor question might be overkill.  Again, use your best judgment.

The Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals of Massachusetts

The New Solar System What We Know So Far

Remember back in grade school when you learned the planets of our solar system? The hint many people used was My Very Excellent Mom Just Served us Nine Pizzas, for Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. Today, we say My Very Excellent Mom Just Served Us Nachos because some astronomers argue that Pluto isnt a planet. (Thats an ongoing debate, even though the exploration of Pluto shows us that its really a fascinating world!) Finding New Worlds to Explore The scramble to find a new planet mnemonic is just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to learning and understanding what makes up our solar system. In the old days, prior to spacecraft exploration and high-resolution cameras on both space-based observatories  (such as Hubble Space Telescope)  and  ground-based telescopes, the solar system was considered to be the Sun, planets, moons, comets, asteroids, and a set of rings around Saturn.   Today, we live in a new solar system we can explore through gorgeous images.  New refers to the new types of objects we know about after more than half a century of exploration, as well as to new ways of thinking about existing objects. Take Pluto. In 2006, it was ruled a dwarf planet because it didnt fit the definition of a plane: a world that  orbits the Sun, is rounded by self-gravity, and has swept its orbit free of major debris. Pluto has not done that final thing, although it does have its own orbit around the Sun and it is rounded by self-gravity. It is now called a dwarf planet, a special category of planet and was the first such world to be visited by the New Horizons mission in 2015. So, in a sense, it IS a planet.   Exploration Continues The solar system today has other surprises for us, on worlds we thought we already knew pretty well.  Take Mercury, for example. It is the smallest planet, orbits close to the Sun, and has very little in the way of atmosphere. The MESSENGER spacecraft sent back amazing images of the planets surface, showing evidence of extensive volcanic activity, and possibly the existence of ice in the shaded polar regions, where sunlight doesnt ever reach this planets very dark surface. Venus has always been known as a hellish place because of its heavy carbon dioxide atmosphere, extreme pressures, and high temperatures. The Magellan mission was the first to show us the extensive volcanic activity that still goes on there today, spewing lava across the surface and charging the atmosphere with sulfuric gas that rains back down on the surface as acid rain.   Earth is a place youd think we know pretty well, since we live on it. However, continual spacecraft studies of our planet reveals constant changes in our atmosphere, climate, seas, landforms, and vegetation. Without these space-based eyes in the sky, our knowledge of our home would be as limited as it was prior to the beginning of the Space Age.   We have explored Mars nearly continually with spacecraft since the 1960s. Today, there are working rovers on its surface and orbiters circling the planet, with more on the way. The study of Mars is a search for the existence of water, past and present. Today we know that Mars has water, and it had it in the past. How much water there is, and where it is, remain as puzzles to be solved by our spacecraft and upcoming generations of human explorers who will first set foot on the planet sometime in the next decade.The biggest question of all is: Did or does Mars have life? That, too, will be answered in the coming decades. The Outer Solar System Continues to Fascinate Asteroids are becoming more and more important in our understanding of how the solar system formed. This is because the rocky planets (at least) formed in collisions of planetesimals back in the early solar system. Asteroids are the remnants of that time. The study of their chemical compositions and orbits (among other things) tell planetary scientists a great deal about conditions during those long-ago periods of solar system history.   Today, we know of many different families of asteroids. They orbit the Sun at many different distances. Specific groups of them orbit so close to Earth that they pose a threat to our planet. These are potentially hazardous asteroids, and are the focus of intense observation campaigns to give us early warning of any that come too close. The asteroids surprise us in other ways: some have moons of their own, and at least one asteroid, named Chariklo, has rings. The outer solar system planets are worlds of gas and ices, and they have been a continual source of news since the Pioneer 10 and 11 and Voyager 1 and 2  missions flew past them in the 1970s and 1980s. Jupiter was discovered to have a ring, its largest moons each have different personalities, with volcanism, subsurface oceans, and the possibility of life-friendly environments on at least two of them. Jupiter is currently being explored by the Juno spacecraft, which will give a long-term look at this gas giant. Saturn has always been known for its rings, which puts it at the top of any sky gazing list. Now, we know of special features in its atmosphere, subsurface oceans on some of its moons, and a fascinating moon called Titan with a mix of carbon-based compounds on its surface. ; Uranus and Neptune are the so-called ice giant worlds because of the ice particles made of water and other compounds in their upper atmospheres. These worlds each have rings, as well as unusual moons.   The Kuiper Belt The outer solar system, where Pluto resides, is the new frontier for exploration. Astronomers have been finding other worlds out there, in regions such as the  Kuiper Belt  and the Inner  Oort Cloud. Many of those worlds, such as Eris, Haumea, Makemake, and Sedna, have been deemed dwarf planets as well. In 2014, a tiny planetesimal called 2014 MU69 and nicknamed Ultima Thule was discovered. The New Horizons spacecraft explored it on January 1, 2019, in a quick flyby. In 2016, another possible new world was found out there  beyond  the orbit of Neptune, and there could be  many  more waiting to be discovered. Their existence will tell planetary scientists a lot about conditions in that part of the solar system and give clues to how they formed some 4.5 billion years ago when the solar system was very young. The Last Unexplored Outpost The most distant region of the solar system is home to swarms of comets that orbit in icy darkness. They all come from the Oort Cloud, which is a shell of frozen comet nuclei that extends out about 25% of the way to the nearest star. Nearly all the comets which ultimately visit the inner solar system come from this region. As they sweep close to Earth, astronomers eagerly study their tail structures, and dust and ice particles for clues to how these objects formed in the early solar system. As an added bonus, comets AND asteroids, leave behind trails of dust (called meteoroid streams) rich in primordial material that we can study. Earth regularly travels through these streams, and when it does, we are often rewarded with glittery  meteor showers.   The information here just scratches the surface of what weve learned about our place in space over the past few decades. There remains much to be discovered, and even though our solar system itself is more than 4.5 billion years old, it continues to evolve. So, in a very real sense, we really do live in a new solar system. Each time we explore and discover another unusual object, our place in space gets even more interesting than it is now. Stay tuned!

The Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini - 1831 Words

Prejudice Ruins Lives In Taliban-controlled Afghanistan, discrimination and prejudice is everywhere and nowhere. The Talibans do not seem to care who they are beating, torturing, or even executing. The novel The Kite Runner written by Khaled Hosseini tackles the issue of ethnic discrimination in Afghanistan with an example of the relationship between Pashtuns and Hazaras. For several centuries, the Pashtun majority is treating the Hazara population as second class citizens, who are unworthy of education or decent employment because Hazaras are a minority ethnic group; this leads to many Hazaras suffering. The social and economic conditions in Afghanistan demonstrate the imbalance between the superior Sunni Muslims and the inferior Shi a Muslims and how people discriminate against each other because of their physical features and religious beliefs. The estrangement between the two causes many deaths. Furthermore the significant distinction between Hazaras and Pashtuns in Afghanistan is the major factor bec ause it determines not only Amir and Hassan’s role in Afghan society but also determines how Hassan himself suffers and dies because of his religion. The physical and emotional division of prejudice between the Pashtuns and the Harzaras in the novel The Kite Runner is destructive and results in death because of the suffering the people endure. Pashtuns treat the Hazaras with the utmost disrespect and isolate them. When the Hazaras had tried to revolt against Pashtun rule aShow MoreRelatedThe Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini883 Words   |  4 Pagesregret from past encounters and usually feel guilty and bitter about the situation. The Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini, revolves around the theme of redemption. Redemption can be used as a cure for guilt. Throughout the novel, the author shows that redemption requires some sort of sacrifice and the only way that is possible is if you can forgive yourself from the mistakes you have made in the past. Khaled Hosseini effectively portrays redemption through motifs such as rape, irony and flashbacks, symbolismRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1651 Words   |  7 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚   The novel â€Å"The Kite Runner† by Khaled Hosseini describes the life of a boy, Amir. Amir’s best friend and brother (although that part isn’t known until towards the end), Hassan, plays a major role in Amir’s life and how he grows up. Hosseini portrays many sacrifices that are made by Hassan and Amir. Additionally, Amir seeks redemption throughout much of the novel. By using first person point of view, readers are able to connect with Amir and understand his pain and yearning for a way to be redeemedRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1655 Words   |  7 PagesSarah Singer Major Works Data Form Title: The Kite Runner Author: Khaled Hosseini Date of Publication: 2003 Genre: Historical Fiction Historical information about the period of publication: Since the September 11th attacks in 2001, the United States has been at war with Afghanistan. Their goals were to remove the Taliban, track down those in charge of the attacks, and destroy Al-Qaeda. Biographical information about the author: Khaled Hosseini was born in Kabul, Afghanistan, in 1965. HIs motherRead MoreThe Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini1098 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, we learn a lot about Amir the main character, and Hassan his servant/brother. In the beginning Hassan and Amir’s relationship was one of brotherly love despite the fact that Hassan was a Hazara and Amir a Pashtun. Back in the 1970’s race and religion played a big part in Kabul and these two races were not suppose to have relationships unless it was owner (Pashtun) and servant (Hazara). Baba Amir’s father had an affair with Hassan’s mother, but it was kept aRead MoreThe Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini1313 Words   |  5 Pagesis not unique to just J.K. Rowling. Khaled Hosseini also incorporates life experiences into some of his novels. A prime example of this is The Kite Runner. The storyline of this novel reflects his past to create a journey of a young Afghanistan boy, whose name is Amir. This boy changes drastically throughout his lifetime from a close minded, considerably arrogant boy to an open hearted and minded man. This emotional and mental trip is partially based on Khaled Hosseini’s own life. Throughout Hosseini’sRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1908 Words   |  8 Pages​In the novel, â€Å"The Kite Runner†, written by Khaled Hosseini, was taken place in Afghanistan during the 1970’s to the year of 2002. Many historical events happened during this time period and Hosseini portrayed it into his novel. Kabul, the capitol of Afghanistan, was a free, living area for many Afghanistan families to enjoy the life they were given. Until one day, Afghanistan was then taken over and attacked. In the novel, Amir, the protagonist, must redeem himself and the history behind his actionsRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1050 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"There is a way to be good again.† (Hosseini 334). This quote given by Rahim Khan to Amir holds a great amount of force and symbolism. In theory, this quote symbolizes the beginning of Amir’s path to redemption. The eye-opening Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini tells about the struggles of Afghanistan before and during the Taliban, and one’s struggle for redemption and acceptance. With regards to the opening quote, some see Amir’s actions as selfish. However, others may believe that Amir truly changedRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1583 Words   |  7 Pagesnovel the Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, Amir, the main character, shares his thoughts and actions due to his poor decisions. The problems he encountered were all because of the sin committed in his youth. His sins taunted the beginning of his life and gave him a troublesome memory full of guilt. As the novel continued, Amir attempted to disengage the memory of his sin and forget about it. Amir then faced the long bumpy road to redemption. Khaled Hosseini’s novel the Kite Runner is about sinRead MoreThe Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini871 Words   |  4 Pagesthat person is trying to fix that mistake. This also applies to the novel The Kite Runner. The story revolves around the main character Amir, and his childhood friend, Hassan. After Amir came to America with Baba, his father, he still regrets the things he had done to his childhood friend. He left Hassan getting raped by Assef in a small alley in 1975. Thereafter, Amir always feel regret and seeks for redemption. Hosseini -the author, argues that redemption can be achieved by helping others, teachRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini3402 Words   |  14 Pagestitle â€Å"The Kite Runner† is symbolic as fighting kites and the kite runnings are impacting moments in the novel. Hassan was the best kite runner in Kabul, if not the whole country, after Amir won the kite fighting the running of that last blue kite triggered the monumental changes for Amir. For the beginning of the story the kite running was associated with Hassan’s rape and Amir’s grief. As kites appear throughout the story, they begin Amir’s story and also end it. Amir flying the kite with Sohrab

Customer satisfaction Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Quality and Customer satisfaction. Answer: Brief Summary of Theory and Progression The selected theoretical concept from this report is based on the real world implication - Customer satisfaction, which depends upon quality over quantity. Based on the report by Sivakumar et al. (2014), it can be described that performance (quality) often meets the customers expectation, which is further referred to as gain of market competitiveness. The theory based on the customer satisfaction concept is the Assimilation theory, which describes that customers tends to make cognitive comparison between the expectation from the product and the supposed product performance. This theory was developed by Festinger during 1957. In order to minimise the tension of customer resulting from inconsistency between the expectation and perceived performance, they either need to raise their level of satisfaction or adjust the expectation accordingly. Notably, according to the failure and delight concept in the paper customer expectations are presumed belief for the product which act as reference level for judging the performance of the product. The first scholar has conceptualised the expectation to be a point estimate and suggested that service quality as a gap between the point estimate of expectation and service perception (1 ref). The second scholar has conceptualised the reference level as a distributed group of reference point and the expected reference level is determined by taking the mean of the distribution points. The third scholar takes the reference level as the zone of tolerance, which is recognised and accepted by the customers. Overall, it is also realised that irrespective of the concerned commercial industry, the customer satisfaction is of high importance to maintain the brand recognition and market position. Common findings All the four articles describes about the common topic that is customer satisfaction is dependent on service quality, while the inference was observed from diverse background. According to the underlined research, service quality is the key aspect for determining the level of customer satisfaction. In addition to the price concept, service quality is a major criteria which customers of both gender prefer before purchasing any product or service (Buell, Campbell and Frei, 2016). Another common finding among the four articles is that they prefer quality product or services, irrespective of price and it may be purchasing online or offline, and the important fact is that the long-run customer loyalty is only reflective in the product line which satisfies customer expectation (Bressolles, Durrieu and Senecal, 2014). In almost varieties of market quality is given the prior importance than the quantity and the market segmentation is also taken into account, which suggests that the price ran ge from comparable (to other available products) to high is acceptable, if they are of superior quality (Terpstra, Kuijlen and Sijtsma, 2014). Different findings According to the authors, Sivakumar et al. (2014), the customer satisfaction is discussed in context to the service delivery, and delight creation, which is not available in the rest of the articles. Customers perception of service quality is examined on the basis of service failure frequency, and the timing, proximity and sequence of failures as well as delights. In contrary, the authors Buell et al. (2016), exceptionally discusses about the competition of service quality in a variety of market which ranges from retail industry to traditional stores. This is further linked to the concern of market competitiveness, positioning, and dominance in comparison to rivalry companies. However, in order to measure the response of customers towards the increased competition, the relationship between the (i) increased service quality; (ii) market competition and (iii) the obligatory customer detection rates for the firm, is critical; which in turn is responsible for offering the service quality at different level and ultimately leading to success of the firm. Likewise, in another report, Bressolles et al. (2014), the authors mainly discuss about the customers satisfaction on the e-service quality, in which retail scenario does not exists but the customer satisfaction is of high importance. Based on the study, the authors concluded that the e-service quality is directly proportional to the e-satisfaction, which is responsible for retaining loyal customers. According to their survey, the factors like (i) ease-of-use, (ii) geniuses of information; and (iii) security as the key factors for satisfaction of customers within scope of online shopping. In the article Terpstra et al. (2014), the authors discusses about constructing a customer satisfaction scale which optimally measures the construct of interest. The study concludes that deductive design is a correct method for measuring and construct validation in customer satisfaction related research. Limitations There are certain limitation encountered during the study of article 3 (qualitative). The service quality application for customer satisfaction includes ease-of-use, aesthetics, information, and security/privacy. The methods and models needed to find the customer satisfaction is provide in the article, while the negative service quality involved online shopping is not defined, which is critical to identify, in order to measure its impact on customer satisfaction. On the other hand, the article 2 (quantitative) also have certain limitations, which include the lack of human information needed to process in the complex environment. Moreover, there is also limitation in the service quality metric, and that is the data used for constructing the metric does not temporarily align with the customer defection data in 2004. The major difference between the two study designs (article 1 and 2) is that in one article the customer satisfaction is analysed quantitatively on the basis of service qua lity competition, whereas on the other article customer satisfaction is determined qualitatively using the e-service quality. Future research However, further research should be carried to find some service qualities involved in the e-shopping. The reason being that retail business include face-to-face communication, whereas online ventures are only dependent on information available. Thus additional measures like offers, promotion, tracking the customer, and attracting them are of high importance, to estimate their effect on customers satisfaction level. Likewise, the article, Terpstra et al. (2014), also dictate that the measurement scale must be precisely framed such that it will also take into account of available resources and frequency of market changing pattern. This must be undertaken in future research, which in turn will explore the subject area to a better level. References: Bressolles, G., Durrieu, F. and Senecal, S., 2014. A consumer typology based on e-service quality and e-satisfaction. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 21(6), pp.889-896. Buell, R.W., Campbell, D. and Frei, F.X., 2016. How Do Customers Respond to Increased Service Quality Competition?. Manufacturing Service Operations Management, 18(4), pp.585-607. Sivakumar, K., Li, M. and Dong, B., 2014. Service quality: The impact of frequency, timing, proximity, and sequence of failures and delights. Journal of Marketing, 78(1), pp.41-58. Terpstra, M., Kuijlen, T. and Sijtsma, K., 2014. How to develop a customer satisfaction scale with optimal construct validity. Quality Quantity, 48(5), pp.2719-2737.